常见问题解答
Frequently asked questions
欢迎来到 Miraheze ，我们很高兴您来到这里！本页回答了用户可能遇到的一些常见问题。如果你有任何进一步的问题，请在社区论坛提问。
此页面不是方针文档，而是介绍性的指导。但该参考引用了一些方针文档，例如休眠方针。若要更加了解实际方针，请阅读这些文档。
一般问题
这里是什么？
欢迎来到 Miraheze！Miraheze 是一个维基农场，也就是说，我们托管着一大批各种主题的wiki。虽然我们确实托管了许多 wiki，但请注意，我们并没有正式“管理”它们。如果您对某个 wiki 上的策略方针有疑问，请联系那个 wiki 的管理员。
Miraheze 使用 MediaWiki，维基百科的“同款”软件。“wiki”（维基）是面向可协作编辑的网站，它能让多人同时编辑同一页面，支持高亮、插图、特效，以及保留过去的每个页面副本，而副本可用来复制或替换当前的。
我们对用户的承诺已超过 7 年。查看我们的主页以了解更多信息。
谁在运营 Miraheze？
与许多公司和项目不同，Miraheze 没有正式的“员工”来运行该服务。相反，Miraheze 由一群志愿者经营，他们管理农场的日常事物。下面介绍一些重要人物：
- 系统管理员 - 他们是负责 Miraheze 维基的技术服务，以确保万无一失的工作人员。
- 董事会 - 这是 Miraheze Limited 的行政部门。目前，它维持着公司的全部财务、决策和目标制定权限。目前有 3 位董事。
- 元维基管理员 - 他们的义务是负责管理本维基——“元维基”的事务。元维基管理员只负责管理元维基上的事务。
你们托管什么类型的 wiki？
Miraheze 托管所有类型的 wiki ，从紧密联系的小社区到大型粉丝群和协作项目，只要它符合我们的内容政策。
目前有 8263 个 wiki 托管在 Miraheze 上。您可以在带有作者创建的维基缩略图描述的维基地名词典上查找它们。许多 wiki 欢迎您阅读它们甚至做出贡献。有关托管在 Miraheze 上的所有wiki 的列表，请参阅 Special:WikiDiscover。
为什么叫做Miraheze？
Miraheze 这个名词是由刍藁增二（Mira）以及角宿二（Heze）拼接而成，两者都是恒星的名称。
至于官方的发音，其实并没有。很多人发音不同，尽管到2022年的普遍共识似乎是“meer-ah-heez”。
业务模式
你们如何为自己的维基托管项目提供资金？
为什么无广告？
人们不喜欢广告，而且广告不会比捐赠带给我们更多资金（广告可会促使多数人停止对我们的捐款），广告可会泄露我们的隐私，而且广告也会增加我们迫于广告商压力而调整维基上的内容的风险。因此我们捍卫我们编辑以及各个维基上编者们的独立性。
我该如何向Miraheze捐款？
我可以用其他方式支持你们吗？
你们有多少个服务器，位于哪里？
自2022年1月起，我们拥有了自己的物理硬件，可用于托管大多数服务器。我们的数据中心（被称为SCSVG）位于英国的斯蒂文尼奇（Stevenage）。除了物理硬件，我们还使用缓存代理服务器，托管于OVH和通过RamNode托管的ns1（nameservers）。
您可以在我们的服务器列表和在它们的特定页面看到关于它们的更多信息和文档
一般维基
我如何申请建立维基？
首先您需要创建一个账户并登录，然后前往Special:RequestWiki并填写申请表单。
如何确认是否已经创建我的维基？
如果您的账户已经绑定了电子邮件，则当您的维基得到创建时您应当收到一封提示您维基已创建的电子邮件。而如果您并没有绑定电子邮件，则您最好绑定一个，因为如果您忘了密码神也帮不了你。此外，当您的维基被创建后，您应当在现有维基上收到一个提示以提醒您您的维基已经创建。
您也可以通过维基申请表单追踪您的申请进度。维基农场日志也会记录对维基创建申请的批准与拒绝。
在一些情况下（例如存在同名维基或您没有按要求填写申请表单或您维基的内容违反了我们的内容政策和Miraheze现行方针），我们不会为您建立维基。而对于这种情况，一位Wiki创建者会通过维基创建申请通知您。
我的新维基的初始状态是怎样的？
鉴于没有维基用户写下一些内容，我们会使用您选择的语言创建一个首页，并尽可能留下吸引人的话。我们鼓励您在这里写下任何您希望被访问者首先看到的文字。
如果出错了该怎么办？
很不幸，这种情况时不时会发生。保持冷静！请在农场日志确认你的请求在记录中并经过了处理。最迅速（也是推荐的）报告问题的方法是Phabricator或IRC、Discord。但你也可以在Community noticeboard上留言或是联系某位系统管理员。如果你在尝试查看你的维基或尝试进行某项本应可行的操作时见到了出错信息，请将对应的信息复制下来并附到你的报告中。
如何将我的维基迁移至Miraheze？
我们有专门的页面介绍如何将您的维基迁移至Mirahzez。简单地说，您需要向Mirahzez发送一个您维基的XML dump，如果想要同时转移images，您还需要发送一个image dump。您可以点击进入上述页面查看更多信息。
维基的管理
谁拥有着维基？
在维基建立的早期，维基一般在社区共识中运行，第一个维基WikiWikiWeb就是这样，所有维基媒体项目（包括维基百科亦是如此。因此，Miraheze的立场是，维基是由其 "社区"所拥有并基于社区的共识而运作的。没有人可以成为这个维基的专制统治者并“拥有”这个维基。
一般来说，每个维基应当将本地用户纳入考虑范围。如果可能，本地社区应选举出管理员（administrators）和行政员（bureaucrats），并在社区的投票和一致同意下制定自己的政策。本地管理员在维基的管理上有时具有较高的影响力。有些维基有时会直接颁布新政策和规则，而不事先通知社区。虽然这不是最好的做法，但只要这些政策没有受到严重的质疑，它们就能够生效。但是，如果新政策受到质疑，行政员不应该尝试阻止提出质疑的用户，而受到质疑的政策是否生效则应该经社区投票表决。不过，如果行政员认为质疑者意在误导其他用户，或为了自己的利益规避一条存在已久的规则，他们仍然可以选择无视质疑。如果事情没有正当解决，本地用户和管理员可以请求监管员介入。监管员会根据维基的内容、申请时的内容范围以及政策来决定是否需要介入。
What is consensus?
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Consensus is defined by Wiktionary as "General agreement among the members of a given group or community, each of which exercises some discretion in decision-making and follow-up action."
Consensus is just that. When users come to an agreement on how a community should be run. Consensus isn't just counting votes though, it's about seeing who makes the best, most thoughtful argument. For example, imagine User A is nominated for adminiship. User B, C, and D vote in favour but give no reason why or just say "I like them". User E votes against and cites proof that User A has been rude in the past to other users, that they have very little experience, and that they are not very active. In weighing votes, User E's vote weighs much heavier than User B, C, and D's because they gave solid reason to back their opinion while User B, C, and D did not.
Bureaucrats are generally in charge of determining local consensus unless they are inactive, in which case a Steward may do that in their stead if requested. Bureaucrats should never try to override community consensus or suppress the will of the community because of personal opinions. There are only very limited sets of times when community consensus can be ignored, such as in extreme cases where the consensus would lead to a danger or instability in the community or where there are concerns with the voting process such as concerns of sockpuppetry, etc. In those cases, a Steward should be contacted to help. If the community is dissatisfied with the outcome of a decision, they may challenge it. If the community feels that consensus on any challenge was still interpreted wrong, they may contact Stewards who will attempt to mediate the issue.
监管员在维基中的职责是什么？
监管员（Stewards）是由全域社区选出的用户（而不是Miraheze公司的全职员工），负责协助维基站点解决它们所面临的任何问题，同时执行高级任务（如删除大量页面、访问用户查核、监督、在没有行政员的维基站点上分配权限等），并在没有活跃的管理员/行政员的维基站点上充当管理员/行政员。监管员在可能的情况下尽量不在本地进行干预。如果一个问题可以在本地解决，监管员尽量不采取任何行动，并将其留给本地管理员。监管员很少（如果有的话）参与调解编辑冲突，除非问题已经升级到违反行为准则等全域方针的程度，或者问题已经升级到威胁。
如果您在维基上遇到了问题，您首先联系的人不应该是监管员，除非问题十分严重，违反了我们的全局政策，或者您不愿向维基的本地管理员提出问题，担心遭到报复。如果维基的本地管理员不能在可接受的时间范围内解决问题，用户可以联系监管员解决。
Stewards are always expected to act in the community's best interests, after researching what the community is and how it works. They are not sole arbiters or dictators either. If there is an issue with how a Steward has assessed or interpreted an issue, please bring it to public attention on the Stewards' noticeboard. Individual Steward actions are superseded by a consensus of Stewards, and even the consensus of Stewards must be informed by the will of the global Miraheze community and the policies that users have elected.
As mentioned above, Stewards act as bureaucrats on wikis without local bureaucrats. This means that they can promote or demote administrators and bureaucrats on wikis without local bureaucrats and can do other administrative tasks. Global Sysops help Stewards do some administrative tasks related to countervandalism on all wikis.
To what degree are wikis autonomous?
Much like Wikimedia, Miraheze allows for local self-rule and autonomy. All wikis are granted autonomy to act as their local community wishes, so long as they obey all global policies. Wikis are free to elect their own leaders, establish their own policies, and more. Stewards and other global officials very rarely meddle with local affairs unless requested to or a violation of our global policies occurs. Unlike other wiki farms which may forcefully take actions that go against the will of the local community, Stewards will not do that unless there is a violation of global policies.
Do note though that while communities are autonomous, they are not entirely independent and free from regulations related to safety, security, civility, and legality. All wikis are subject to our global policies and are subject to British law. Some wikis erroneously get the idea that they are not subject to our Privacy Policy, Terms of Use or anything else. That is not the case. Miraheze has policies that were elected by users and legal obligations, so while wikis are free to do as they wish for the most part, they must follow our global policies.
私密维基
一个私密维基有多私密？
私有wiki只能被其成员（members）访问和编辑（Miraheze监管员、系统管理员和信任与安全也可以，但只有在必要时才会这样做）。你可以访问您的wiki的Special:UserRights，输入任何一个Miraheze 注册用户的用户名，将其加入您wiki的member的用户组
If you don't see the username of the person who you want to add to your wiki, that means their account doesn't exist locally. Please ask them to visit the wiki so that our login system can create a local account for them.
Under very rare circumstances, Stewards, System administrators and Trust and Safety can check private wikis. This is almost always to ensure compliance with all global policies, legal requirements, or to troubleshoot a problem on a wiki.
为什么所有人都可以看到我的秘密维基的首页？
根据规定，首页一直都是公开的。你可以通过将首页内容放到其它地方来绕过此规定（比如命名为“真正首页”，然后将你的首页重定向至此：
#重定向 [[真正首页]]
维基管理请求
What is ManageWiki?
ManageWiki is a special tool that lets wiki bureaucrats edit their wiki's local configuration without needing a system administrator to do it for them. It is divided into 5 sections: Core settings, additional settings, extensions and skins, permissions and namespaces. ManageWiki is a very powerful tool, so please be careful to whom you grant the right. For more information, please check the ManageWiki page.
“Phabricator”是什么？
Phabricator是一个系统，维基的拥有者可以通过这个系统向系统管理员寻求技术帮助。Phabricator意味着您不再需要将请求单独提交给某个系统管理员，也不必再担心这个人在休假或已经辞职的可能性。Phabricator会记录请求并且让任何一个志愿者都能去满足这个申请。它让请求丢失或被忽略的可能性降低。
Phabricator是独立于Mediawiki软件之外的独立程序，提供了您维基的网页，但仍然受Miraheze控制。
Please check out the Phabricator page for a guide on how to sign in to Phabricator. Generally, it's pretty straightforward. On the sign-in page, click the MediaWiki logo to be signed in to Miraheze.
我还可以使用哪些技巧？
All new wikis feature an ordinary vanilla MediaWiki installation which may lack the features you're looking for. Many people have written extensions for MediaWiki which extends MediaWiki and adds new features but most of these, by default, are not enabled on new Miraheze wikis. Some popular extensions include:
- Additional functions in the MediaWiki meta-language
- Assembling lists of pages on your wiki, which can be inserted into a page
- Helpful ways of linking to additional media from other websites, such as Google Maps
- Translation of pages
- Usage of a social profile system
The page Extensions describes extensions that are pre-enabled on your wiki, extensions you can enable yourself via ManageWiki, and extensions we won't add for privacy, security, and other reasons. Check that page out to see how to request extensions not in ManageWiki.
怎样更改维基的图标？
Please check out the ManageWiki help page for details on how to make the change.
怎样得到我的维基的自定义域名？
If you don't want your wiki to use a miraheze.org subdomain, you can request we change the domain name to any domain you own and point to us. Please see Custom domains for more information.
怎样获得我的维基的备份？
If you are a local administrator, you can go to Special:DataDump on your wiki and request a backup.
For more details, please see Backups.
怎样使得我的维基只读？
For making your wiki read-only from everyone (including yourself) for specific periods of time, you can enable the "ProtectSite" extension in ManageWiki.
For making it read-only to specific users/groups only, you can utilise the ManageWiki/permissions feature.
How can I remove a bureaucrat from my wiki?
Bureaucrats are the highest-ranking officials of a wiki. If you wish to remove a bureaucrat, please request that on the Stewards' noticeboard. You must have a valid reason, such as abuse, resignation, or there must be consensus in the wiki to do so. The Steward will want evidence (such as specific edits) that shows you are not just asking them to take one side in a clash of personalities.
Bureaucrats can also change ManageWiki permissions to empower them to remove other bureaucrats, including you. Note that this change should not be done without community consensus. If Stewards feel a bureaucrat demotion was unjustified, they reserve the right to revert the demotion and may take local action to resolve any issues.
Can I use CheckUser and Oversight?
Stewards have the sole authority to delegate these rights to other users but generally speaking, the Steward body feels that it can handle all of these requests in a timely manner. CheckUser and Oversight may be locally granted following a local election that meets the requirements for Stewardship. Please see their respective pages for more information.
- If you require Oversight of an edit, please privately contact a Steward via email to stewards
miraheze.org, Discord or IRC. DO NOT REQUEST THIS IN PUBLIC! - Where CheckUser assistance is needed, you may request help on the Stewards' noticeboard in most cases. If you are not comfortable requesting help publicly, or you believe private information is involved which you should reveal, please contact the Stewards via the above methods.
I just enabled an extension or changed a setting but I don't think it is working, what should I do?
Please try turning the extension off and on again or re-saving the configuration change and then wait a few minutes. If you are still having an issue, please ask for help on Phabricator and we will try to get it working as soon as possible.
How do I change my wikis license?
To change your wikis license, you must go to Special:ManageWiki/settings and switch to the editing section. There, look for Content Licensing, click the dropdown menu below it, and select the license you want.
If you do not see your desired license, please request it to be set on Phabricator.
How do I add infoboxes?
Your new wiki starts blank, without any templates — and infoboxes are, usually, the most important ones. See this in-depth guide about infoboxes and how to create and use them.
How do I make my wiki appear in search engines?
To make your wiki indexed by search engines, like Google, Bing, etc, you'll need to register a search console on such engine, then set up a meta tag on your wiki. For more information see this guide.
关闭的维基
维基是如何关闭的？
A wiki closes (becomes inactive) when you go to Special:ManageWiki and tick the Closed button. It is reopened when you return to Special:ManageWiki and uncheck this button.
A wiki is also automatically after a period of inactivity, as specified by the Dormancy Policy. Read the actual policy document rather than relying on this summary. The Dormancy Policy went into effect on 5 January 2016 and applies to all wikis.
If you have perused a closed wiki and believe you could take it further, please go to Requests for reopening wikis.
怎样移动我的维基？
Exporting pages from a wiki, such as to a mirror site or to a host other than Miraheze, is the reverse of importing pages from another wiki onto your Miraheze wiki.
If your wiki consists of a small number of pages, Special:AllPages list them. You can copy this list and paste it into the Special:Export page to produce a content dump in XML format.
If your wiki is larger, Miraheze can provide assistance. You should request this assistance by opening a ticket on Phabricator.
If the target host does not use the MediaWiki software, the pages may require conversion into the format that the target host uses. Miraheze cannot help you with that.
杂项
我可以在哪里找到配置？
We have a GitHub organisation where we store our Puppet configuration, extensions, MediaWiki install and other code.
The config for wikis can be found in the mw-config repository.
为什么我不能够使用HTTP访问站点？
HTTP is prone to attacks and your connection can be eavesdropped by anyone who knows how to. For your safety, we use HTTPS to secure your connection between your browser and our servers.
我遇到了关于用户或维基的问题
如何你不幸遇到关于用户或者维基的问题，按照以下步骤来解决。请始终确保保持文明和冷静。
如果是用户
- 讨论。
- 提起给管理员。如果仅在本维基（meta.miraheze.org），可以使用Meta:Administrators' noticeboard。
- 如果没有解决，可以阅读Code of Conduct。如果是个CoC问题，可以发邮件给conduct[at]Miraheze[dot]org。
如果是维基
- Please raise all local issues with local wiki administrators first.
- If there are still issues or if the issue involves a severe violation of our global policies, and you do not feel comfortable contacting the wiki's administrators, you may contact a Steward for help either on the Stewards' noticeboard or via email to stewardsmiraheze.org. If you are reporting violations of the Content Policy or other global policies, please make sure to include plenty of evidence.
Editorial disputes usually are not resolved by Stewards. Stewards will always defer editorial disputes to local administrators. Coming to Stewards attempting to get them to overturn a local decision will not work.